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Writing

The Northern Pacific sea star, which is native to the coasts of Japan, Korea, and China, has
recently appeared thousands of kilometers away. Because this sea star now threatens to harm
marine ecosystems in new and distant areas, scientists are currently investigating ways of
controlling the spread of invasive Northern Pacific sea stars.

Quicklime
One method of reducing Northern Pacific sea star populations is by administering a poison
called quicklime. Quicklime in its powdered form can be spread over large areas of the
seafloor invaded by the sea stars. While quicklime destroys sea stars, it does not harm
commercially important mollusks, such as oysters, scallops, and mussels, which are cultivated
on the seafloor in many waters.

 Introducing Parasites
A second strategy is to introduce parasites that naturally control the spread of Northern
Pacific sea stars in their native habitat. One major reason why Northern Pacific sea star
populations are flourishing in distant waters is the absence of natural enemies, such as
parasites. In their native environment, male sea stars are infected by parasites that specifically
attack their reproductive system. If these parasites became established in distant waters, invasive Northern Pacific sea star populations could be significantly decreased. 

Treating Ballast Water
A third measure involves sterilizing ballast water. Ships that have unloaded their cargo take
aboard some amount of sea water as a weight and balance stabilizer. This sea water is referred
to as ballast water. Sea star larvae (immature sea stars) float freely in the sea and are often
taken up in ballast pumps. After taking aboard ballast water with numerous larvae in Northern
Pacific waters, ships dump this water in ports thousands of kilometers away and thus
contribute to the spread of these sea stars. If ships treated their ballast water with chemicals
before releasing it in a different location, Northern Pacific sea stars could be prevented from
spreading to new areas. 

Directions:
You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will be judged on the
basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the
lecture and their relationship to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be
150 to 225 words.
Question:
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the
specific theories presented in the reading passage. 

Task 2
A primary (elementary) school is considering increasing the amount of time it spends
educating its young students about technology (for example, computers). To do so, it would
decrease the amount of time it spends educating the students about music and art. Do you
agree with the idea of young students (aged 5- 11) spending less time in school learning about
music and art in order to spend more time learning about technology? Why or why not?
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer